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Childhood Disorder
Classification of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents
Both DSM-IV and ICD-10 contain a scheme for classifying the psychiatric disorders of childhood. Disorders of adolescence are classified partly with this scheme, and partly with the categories used in adult psychiatry.
Seven main groups of childhood psychiatric disorders are generally recognized by clinicians and are supported by studies using multivariate analysis (Quay and Werry 1986). The terms used in this site for the seven groups are listed below, with some alternatives in parentheses:
- adjustment reactions;
- pervasive developmental disorders;
- specific developmental disorders;
- conduct (antisocial or externalizing) disorders;
- hyperkinetic (attention-deficit) disorders;
- emotional (neurotic or internalizing) disorders;
- symptomatic disorders.
Many child psychiatric disorders cannot be classified in a satisfactory way by allocating them to a single category. Therefore multiaxial systems have been proposed. ICD-10 has six axes:
- clinical psychiatric syndromes,
- specific delays in development,
- intellectual level,
- medical conditions,
- abnormal social situations, and
- level of adaptive functioning.
Childhood Psychiatric Disorders |
| Problems of pre-school children and their families |
Specific developmental disorders
Specific reading disorder
Mathematics disorder (specific arithmetic disorder)
Communication disorders
Motor skills disorder |
| Pervasive developmental disorders |
Childhood autism
Rett's disorder
Overactive disorder with mental retardation and stereotyped movements
Childhood disintegrative disorder
Asperger's syndrome
Atypical autism and pervasive developmental disorder |
| Hyperkinetic disorder |
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| Conduct disorders |
Truancy |
| (Juvenile delinquency) |
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| Anxiety disorders |
Separation anxiety disorder
Phobic anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder of childhood
Sibling rivalry disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorders |
| Somatoform disorders and other unexplained physical symptoms |
Conversion disorders
Mood Disorder |
| Other childhood psychiatric disorders |
Functional enuresis
Faecal soiling
Elective mutism
Stammering
Dementia
Schizophrenia |
| Gender identity disorders |
Effeminacy in boys
Tomboyishness in girls |
| Child abuse |
Physical abuse (non-accidental injury)
Emotional abuse
Child neglect
Non-organic failure to thrive and deprivation dwarfism
Sexual abuse |
| Other Condition |
Tic disorders
Suicide and deliberate self-harm
Factitious disorder by proxy |
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| Depression Tip |
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